Misoprostol

Brands of Misoprostol in Kenya:

Cytotec®, Pfizer Laboratories Limited
Isovent®, Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Kontrac® , Fourrts (India) Laboratories Private Limited
Misoclear®,ACME
Miso-Kare®, Naari PTE Limited
Misoprost®, Cipla Limited
Vagiprost® , ADWIA

Misoprostol in Kenya,Cytotec,Prices in Kenya,Where to buy,Uses
Misoprostol in Kenya

MISOPROSTOL MODE OF ACTION

Misoprostol, a prostaglandin analogue, binds to myometrial cells to cause strong myometrial contractions leading to expulsion of tissue. This agent also causes cervical ripening with softening and dilation of the cervix. Misoprostol binds to and stimulates prostaglandin EP2 receptors, prostaglandin EP3 receptor and prostaglandin EP4 receptor but not Prostaglandin EP1 receptor and therefore is expected to have a more restricted range of physiological and potentially toxic actions than prostaglandin E2 or other analogs which activate all four prostaglandin receptors

MISOPROSTOL INDICATIONS

  • Misoprostol is indicated for reducing the risk of NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin)–induced gastric ulcers in patients at high risk of complications from gastric ulcer, e.g., the elderly and patients with concomitant debilitating disease, as well as patients at high risk of developing gastric ulceration, such as patients with a history of ulcer. Misoprostol  has not been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs. Misoprostol  should be taken for the duration of NSAID therapy. Misoprostol  has been shown to reduce the risk of gastric ulcers in controlled studies of 3 months’ duration. It had no effect, compared to placebo, on gastrointestinal pain or discomfort associated with NSAID use.
  • Labour induction:
    Misoprostol is commonly used for labor induction. It causes uterine contractions and the ripening (effacement or thinning) of the cervix.
    Oxytocin has long been used as the standard agent for labor induction, but does not work well when the cervix is not yet ripe. Misoprostol also may be used in conjunction with oxytocin
  • Medical Abortion
    Misoprostol is used either alone or in conjunction with another medication (mifepristone or methotrexate) for medical abortions as an alternative to surgical abortion. Medical abortion has the advantage of being less invasive.
    Misoprostol is most effective when it is used with methotrexate or mifepristone (RU-486).
  • Failed miscarriage
    Misoprostol may be used to treat the mother in the case of fetal death which did not result in miscarriage.
  • Postpartum bleeding
    Misoprostol is also used to prevent and treat post-partum bleeding. Orally administered misoprostol was marginally less effective than oxytocin.The use of rectally administered misoprostol is optimal in cases of bleeding; it was shown to be associated with lower rates of side effects compared to other routes.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Adults

Healing of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and NSAID-induced peptic ulcer: 800 micrograms daily in two or four divided doses taken with breakfast and / or each main meal and at bedtime.

Treatment should be given initially for at least 4 weeks even if symptomatic relief has been achieved sooner. In most patients ulcers will be healed in 4 weeks but treatment may be continued for up to 8 weeks if required. If the ulcer relapses further treatment courses may be given.

Prophylaxis of NSAID-induced peptic ulcer: 200 micrograms twice daily, three times daily or four times daily. Treatment can be continued as required. Dosage should be individualised according to the clinical condition of each patient.

Medical termination of developing intra-uterine pregnancy, in sequential use with mifepristone, up to 49 days of amenorrhea:

Misoprostol is taken as a single 400 microgram oral dose 36 to 48 hours after taking a single 600 mg oral dose of mifepristone. Information on the posology of mifepristone can be found in the product information of mifepristone.

Vomiting within 30 minutes after the intake could lead to a decrease in misoprostol efficacy: oral intake of a new misoprostol 400 microgram tablet is recommended in this case.

Cervix uteri preparation prior to surgical termination of pregnancy during the first trimester:

Misoprostol is taken as a single 400 microgram oral dose 3 to 4 hours before surgical operation. Vomiting within 30 minutes after the intake could lead to a decrease in misoprostol efficacy: oral intake of a new misoprostol 400 microgram tablet is recommended in this case.

Renal impairment: Available evidence indicates that no adjustment of dosage is necessary in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic impairment: Misoprostol is metabolised by fatty acid oxidising systems present in organs throughout the body. Its metabolism and plasma levels are therefore unlikely to be affected markedly in patients with hepatic impairment.

Elderly

The usual dosage may be used.

Paediatric population

Use of Misoprostol in children has not yet been evaluated in the treatment of peptic ulceration or NSAID-induced peptic ulcer disease.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Misoprostol is contraindicated:

  •  In women of childbearing potential who are not using effective contraception .
  • In women who are pregnant, or in whom pregnancy has not been excluded, or who are planning a pregnancy as misoprostol increases uterine tone and contractions in pregnancy which may cause partial or complete expulsion of the products of conception . Use in pregnancy has been associated with birth defects.
  •  In patients with a known hypersensitivity to misoprostol or to any other component of the product, or to other prostaglandins.

WARNINGS
MISOPROSTOL ADMINISTRATION TO WOMEN WHO ARE PREGNANT CAN CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS, ABORTION, OR PREMATURE BIRTH. UTERINE RUPTURE HAS BEEN REPORTED WHEN MISOPROSTOL TABLETS WERE ADMINISTERED IN PREGNANT WOMEN TO INDUCE LABOR OR TO INDUCE ABORTION BEYOND THE EIGHTH WEEK OF PREGNANCY (see also PRECAUTIONS and LABOR AND DELIVERY). MISOPROSTOL TABLETS SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN BY PREGNANT WOMEN TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ULCERS INDUCED BY NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs) (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS).
PATIENTS MUST BE ADVISED OF THE ABORTIFACIENT PROPERTY AND WARNED NOT TO GIVE THE DRUG TO OTHERS.
Misoprostol should not be used for reducing the risk of NSAID-induced ulcers in women of childbearing potential unless the patient is at high risk of complications from gastric ulcers associated with use of the NSAID, or is at high risk of developing gastric ulceration. In such patients, Misoprostol  may be prescribed if the patient has had a negative serum pregnancy test within 2 weeks prior to beginning therapy.
is capable of complying with effective contraceptive measures. has received both oral and written warnings of the hazards of Misoprostol , the risk of possible contraception failure, and the danger to other women of childbearing potential should the drug be taken by mistake.
will begin Misoprostol  only on the second or third day of the next normal menstrual period.

MISOPROSTOL DRUG INTERACTIONS:

  • Misoprostol is predominantly metabolised via fatty acid oxidising systems and has shown no adverse effect on the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase (P450) enzyme system.
  • A decrease of the efficacy of misoprostol can theoretically occur due to the antiprostaglandin properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid). Limited evidence suggests that co-administration of NSAIDs on the day of misoprostol administration does not adversely influence the effects of mifepristone or misoprostol on cervical ripening or uterine contractility and does not reduce the clinical efficacy of medical termination of pregnancy.
  • Antacids may decrease the bioavailability of misoprostol.
  • Antacids containing magnesium may aggravate diarrhoea caused by misoprostol.

ADVERSE DRUG REACTION

Body as a whole: aches/pains, asthenia, fatigue, fever, chills, rigors, weight changes.
Skin: rash, dermatitis, alopecia, pallor, breast pain.
Special senses: abnormal taste, abnormal vision, conjunctivitis, deafness, tinnitus, earache.
Respiratory: upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, bronchospasm, dyspnea, pneumonia, epistaxis.
Cardiovascular: chest pain, edema, diaphoresis, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmia, phlebitis, increased cardiac enzymes, syncope, myocardial infarction (some fatal), thromboembolic events (e.g., pulmonary embolism, arterial thrombosis, and CVA).
Gastrointestinal: GI bleeding, GI inflammation/infection, rectal disorder, abnormal hepatobiliary function, gingivitis, reflux, dysphagia, amylase increase.
Hypersensitivity: anaphylactic reaction
Metabolic: glycosuria, gout, increased nitrogen, increased alkaline phosphatase.
Genitourinary: polyuria, dysuria, hematuria, urinary tract infection.
Nervous system/Psychiatric: anxiety, change in appetite, depression, drowsiness, dizziness, thirst, impotence, loss of libido, sweating increase, neuropathy, neurosis, confusion.
Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, myalgia, muscle cramps, stiffness, back pain.
anemia, abnormal differential, thrombocytopenia, purpura, ESR increased.
misoprostol price in kenya
misoprostol price in kenyan shillings
misoprostol cost in kenya
misoprostol tablets in kenya
buy misoprostol in kenya
misoprostol pills in kenya
misoprostol prices in kenya
misoprostol for sale in kenya
mifepristone and misoprostol in kenya
how much is a misoprostol pill in kenya
misoprostol dosage kenya
how to get misoprostol in kenya
where can i buy misoprostol in kenya
price of misoprostol in kenya
misoprostol price kenya
the cost of misoprostol in kenya
where to buy misoprostol in kenya
the price of misoprostol in kenya

Clinical | Pharmacokinetic data

Pregnancy Category: X (Contraindicated) Used for terminating pregnancy
Routes of Administration: By mouth, vaginal, under the tongue
Bioavailability: extensively absorbed
Protein Binding: 80-90% (active metabolite, misoprostol acid)
Metabolosim: Liver (extensive to misoprostic acid)
Onset of Action: N/A
Elimination Half life: 20–40 minutes
Excretion: Urine (80%)

Legal Status | Dosage forms & Strengths

Prescription Category:
Prescription only Medicine (POM) , ℞-only
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control ) Act Schedule:
This drug is not a controlled substance under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control ) Act
Dosage Forms | Strengths:

Drug Indentifiers:

CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard

Drug Images

References/ Citation:

%d bloggers like this: