Brands of Ampicillin in Kenya
Ampecin , Dawa Limited
Ampicen, Shanghai Agen International Trade Co.ltd,
Ampicillin , Crown Healthcare
Ampik , Kopran Limited
Ampilin , Elys Chemical Industries Ltd
Ampimed , Medisel Kenya Ltd
Gestacillin, Dinlas Pharma Epz Limited
Lacillin, Laboratory & Allied Ltd
Medibritin , Medivet Products Ltd
Pcillin ,Zest Pharma
INDICATIONS
Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin, indicated for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections caused by ampicillin-sensitive organisms. Typical indications include: ear, nose and throat infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, gonorrhoea, gynaecological infections, septicaemia, peritonitis, endocarditis, meningitis, enteric fever, gastro-intestinal infections.
Parenteral usage is indicated where oral dosage is inappropriate.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Usual adult dosage (including elderly patients):
Ear, nose and throat infections:
250mg four times a day.
Bronchitis:
Routine therapy: 250mg four times a day.
High-dosage therapy: 1 g four times a day.
Pneumonia:
500 mg four times a day.
Urinary tract infections:
500 mg three times a day.
Gonorrhoea:
2 g orally with 1 g probenecid as a single dose. Repeated doses are recommended for the treatment of females.
Gastro-intestinal infections:
500-750 mg three to four times daily.
Enteric:
Acute: 1-2 g four times a day for two weeks.
Carriers: 1-2 g four times a day for four to twelve weeks
Usual children’s dosage (under 10 years):
Half adult routine dosage.
All recommended dosages are a guide only. In severe infections the above dosages may be increased, or ampicillin given by injection. Oral doses of ampicillin should be taken half to one hour before meals.
Renal Impairment:
In the presence of severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <10ml/min) a reduction in dose or extension of dose interval should be considered. In cases of dialysis, an additional dose should be administered after the procedure.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Ampicillin is a penicillin and should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. ampicillin, penicillins, cephalosporins) or excipients.
DRUG INTERACTION
Bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of ampicillin.
In common with other oral broad-spectrum antibiotics, ampicillin may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives and patients should be warned accordingly.
Probenecid decreases the renal tubular secretion of ampicillin. Concurrent use with ampicillin may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of ampicillin.
Concurrent administration of allopurinol during treatment with ampicillin can increase the likelihood of allergic skin reactions.
It is recommended that when testing for the presence of glucose in urine during ampicillin treatment, enzymatic glucose oxidase methods should be used. Due to the high urinary concentrations of ampicillin, false positive readings are common with chemical methods.
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Hypersensitivity reactions:
If any hypersensitivity reaction occurs, the treatment should be discontinued.
Skin rash, pruritis and urticaria have been reported occasionally. The incidence is higher in patients suffering from infectious mononucleosis and acute or chronic leukaemia of lymphoid origin. Purpura has also been reported. Rarely, skin reactions such as erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported.
As with other antibiotics, anaphylaxis has been reported rarely.
Renal effects:
Interstitial nephritis can occur rarely.
Gastrointestinal reactions:
Effects include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Pseudomembraneous colitis and haemorrhagic colitis have been reported rarely.
Hepatic effects:
As with other beta-lactam antibiotics, hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice have been reported rarely. As with most other antibiotics, a moderate and transient increase in transaminases has been reported.
Haematological effects:
As with other beta-lactams, haematological effects including transient leucopenia, transient thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia have been reported rarely.
Prolongation of bleeding time and prothrombin have also been reported rarely.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions:
The PPB Department of Pharmacovigilance was set up with a vision to develop, implement and continuously upgrade an appropriate system for detecting, reporting, and monitoring adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and other relevant problems with medicines in Kenya. The department strives to ensure the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products in Kenya.
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorization of the medicinal product are important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals/ Patients are encouraged to report any suspected adverse reactions via Pharmacovigilance Yellow Form, pv@pharmacyboardkenya.org or clicking below button:
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Legal Status | Dosage forms & Strengths
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